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Fig. 45: Defecation - spent vacuole at cytoproct

Microtubules (mt) drape from the electron-opaque borders of the cytoproct and lie on both sides of the spent vacuole. Presumably motors such as dynein link the microtubules to the vacuole membrane and propel the vacuole up to the plasma membrane. The lips of the cytoproct (cyp) spread and the vacuole membrane can then make contact with the plasma membrane prior to membrane fusion. Filamentous elements (fil), probably actin filaments, lie against the cytosolic side of the vacuole where its membrane is evaginating into tubules. EM taken on 1/8/74 by R. Wolf with Hitachi HU11A TEM. Neg. 25,000X. Bar = 0.2µm. Published in J. Cell Sci. 35:217-227, 1979.
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